{"id":180,"date":"2020-04-14T22:23:56","date_gmt":"2020-04-14T22:23:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.awesomebiochar.com\/?page_id=180"},"modified":"2020-05-19T14:17:20","modified_gmt":"2020-05-19T19:17:20","slug":"indirect-fired-rotary-kiln-design","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/?page_id=180","title":{"rendered":"Indirect-fired Rotary Kiln Design"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p>Indirect-fired kilns are unusually important where direct-fired operation cannot be employed due to controlled heating, product contamination, etc. These challenges respond to niche applications of unusually high value.<\/p>\r\n<figure id=\"attachment_247\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-247\" style=\"width: 542px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-247\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/IRK-HARPER-1024x569.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"542\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/IRK-HARPER-1024x569.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/IRK-HARPER-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/IRK-HARPER-768x427.png 768w, https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/IRK-HARPER-1536x853.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/IRK-HARPER-2048x1138.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 542px) 100vw, 542px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-247\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Typical Gas-fired Indirect Rotary Kiln<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<figure id=\"attachment_243\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-243\" style=\"width: 541px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-243 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/harper-irk.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"541\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/harper-irk.png 541w, https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/harper-irk-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 541px) 100vw, 541px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-243\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Electrically-heated Indirect Rotary Kiln (Harper International, Buffalo, NY)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<p>In the forefront of the indirect-fired kiln offering is Harper International, a reliable AlphaThermal collaborator. We have been privileged in having a cordial working relationship with Harper in the area of indirect kiln design for several applications including Ni-Co processing in China, design of a nickel briquette in South Africa, reduction of copper oxide to elemental copper in Germany, molybdenum ore reduction kilns, and metal-alloy kilns in the US. A typical design approach for a recent job may be summarized as including the following:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>Flue Design and Combustion Chamber Emissions<\/li>\r\n<li>Refractory Selection<\/li>\r\n<li>Heat Balance<\/li>\r\n<li>Miscellaneous Design Review or Questions<\/li>\r\n<li>Kiln direction of rotation<\/li>\r\n<li>Evaluation of bed fill fraction, fill angle, bed depth, and residence time using an in-house model<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Addressing these via the use of an OpenFOAM computer modeling provided the optimum layout of burners, heating patterns, etc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"602\" class=\"wp-image-181\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-velocity-distribution-1024x602.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-velocity-distribution-1024x602.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-velocity-distribution-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-velocity-distribution-768x452.png 768w, https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-velocity-distribution.png 1297w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption>Velocity distribution rescaled to 0-20 m\/s to highlight flue velocity magnitude<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"776\" height=\"190\" class=\"wp-image-185\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-tube-temp-graph-1.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-tube-temp-graph-1.png 776w, https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-tube-temp-graph-1-300x73.png 300w, https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-tube-temp-graph-1-768x188.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"776\" height=\"222\" class=\"wp-image-189\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-tube-temp-profile-2.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-tube-temp-profile-2.png 776w, https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-tube-temp-profile-2-300x86.png 300w, https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-tube-temp-profile-2-768x220.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption>Outer Tube Temp. Profile. Note: Temperatures are in \u00b0C. Scale is 1100 to 1200\u00b0C.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"652\" class=\"wp-image-193\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-temp-sections-3-1024x652.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-temp-sections-3-1024x652.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-temp-sections-3-300x191.png 300w, https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-temp-sections-3-768x489.png 768w, https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/indirect-temp-sections-3.png 1256w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption>Temp. Sections through burners 2, 4, 6, and 7<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Indirect-fired kilns are unusually important where direct-fired operation cannot be employed due to controlled heating, product contamination, etc. These challenges respond to niche applications of unusually high value. In the forefront of the indirect-fired kiln offering is Harper International, a reliable AlphaThermal collaborator. We have been privileged in having a cordial working relationship with Harper &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/?page_id=180\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Indirect-fired Rotary Kiln Design&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-180","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/180","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=180"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/180\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":446,"href":"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/180\/revisions\/446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alphathermal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}